小米再陷暴力裁員？雷軍這次有點懸！ - Xiaomi falls back into violent layoffs? Lei Jun is a little suspended this time!

　　來源：觀點 微信公眾號
Source: WeChat official account

　　作者：迷人的X博士　　
Author: charming Dr. x

　　繼網易暴力辭退絕症員工、華為“251”事件之後，又一家互聯網企業傳出違法裁員的消息。
After the violent dismissal of terminally ill employees by Netease and Huawei's "251" incident, another Internet company reported illegal layoffs.

　　這一次是小米。
This time it was millet.

　　1
One

　　員工微博吐苦水，小米涉嫌違法暴力裁員
Xiaomi is suspected of illegal and violent layoffs

　　3月4日，一則微博引發關注。
On March 4, a micro blog attracted attention.

　　自稱是小米前員工的范友冬（微博名@小米范友冬）連發數條微博，並@了包含雷軍在內的一眾小米高管，質疑小米集團涉嫌違法裁員。
Fan Youdong (micro blog name @ Xiaomi fan Youdong), who claims to be Xiaomi's former employee, sent several micro blogs and @ a group of Xiaomi executives including Lei Jun, questioning Xiaomi group's suspected illegal layoffs.

▲源自微博截圖
▲ from the screenshot of Weibo

　　在隨後傳出的一份聊天記錄中，范友冬表示這是小米的一次內部大裁員活動，他認為“很多員工被小米涉嫌違法暴力裁員”。
In a subsequent chat record, fan Youdong said it was an internal layoff activity of Xiaomi. He believed that "many employees were suspected of illegal and violent layoffs by Xiaomi".

▲聊天記錄，圖源網絡
▲ chat record, graph source network

　　這件事情還在繼續發展，目前小米公司還未就此事進行官方回應。至於小米公司是否涉及暴力裁員，也還需進一步的法律介入與裁決。
This matter is still developing. At present, Xiaomi company has not made an official response to this matter. As for whether millet company involves violent layoffs, further legal intervention and adjudication are needed.

　　但這並不是小米第一次被質疑暴力裁員。早在2019年12月，小米員工Mery就稱自己遭到小米公司的暴力裁員，併發出靈魂拷問：
But this is not the first time Xiaomi has been questioned about violent layoffs. As early as December 2019, Xiaomi employee Mery claimed that he had been violently laid off by Xiaomi company, and sent out soul torture:

　　小米引以為傲的文化會不會變成只是高層自嗨的皇帝的新衣？
Will Xiaomi's proud culture become just the emperor's new clothes?

▲圖源網絡
▲ graph source network

　　結合目前的互聯網行業環境來看，儘管是否暴力裁員還需進一步界定，但小米公司的大裁員行動應該是確有其事。
According to the current Internet industry environment, although it needs to be further defined whether violent layoffs are necessary, the big layoffs of Xiaomi company should be true.

　　巧的是，2019年3月5日，在北京的全國“兩會”會場外，當記者問到小米是否會加入互聯網行業的“裁員降薪潮”時，雷軍明確表態，“我覺得小米不會”。
Coincidentally, on March 5, 2019, outside the venue of the national "two sessions" in Beijing, when the reporter asked Xiaomi whether he would join the "downsizing and salary reduction tide" of the Internet industry, Lei Jun made clear that "I don't think Xiaomi will.".

　　打臉來得太快，就像龍捲風。
Face fighting comes too fast, like a tornado.

　　2
Two

　　小米裁員背後的營收困境
The revenue dilemma behind Xiaomi's layoff

　　自成立以來，最讓小米引以為傲的王牌就是性價比。
Since its inception, millet is the most proud trump card is cost-effective.

　　高舉性價比大旗，小米曾一路高歌猛進，把一眾山寨機打得落荒而逃，並藉此奠定了其在手機界的地位。可以說，在性價比這條賽道上，小米曾是絕對的霸主。
Holding high the cost-effective banner, Xiaomi has made great strides all the way, fighting a number of copycat machines to flee, and thus established its position in the mobile phone industry. It can be said that Xiaomi was the absolute overlord in the cost-effective track.

　　但事實證明，性價比是一把雙刃劍。它曾是小米最鋒利的開山斧，如今卻成了小米前進路上最大的攔路虎。
But it turns out that cost performance is a double-edged sword. It used to be Xiaomi's sharpest axe, but now it has become the biggest obstacle on Xiaomi's way.

　　在小米還未上市的時候，一向低調的雷軍卻高調地放下豪言：“小米硬件綜合凈利潤率不超5%”。
When Xiaomi was not listed, Lei Jun, who was always low-key, put down his bold words in a high-key way: "the comprehensive net profit margin of Xiaomi hardware is not more than 5%".

　　此前，調研公司Counterpoint Research發布的2017年第三季度（也是小米手機增長最快的季度）主流手機廠商每銷售一部智能手機賺取的利潤顯示，小米每部手機賺取的利潤僅為2美元，排名在vivo、OPPO、華為、三星和蘋果之後。其中，排名第一的蘋果每部手機賺取151美元。
Previously, according to the third quarter of 2017 (also the fastest growing quarter of Xiaomi's mobile phones) released by the research company counter point research, the profit earned by the mainstream mobile phone manufacturers for each smartphone sold showed that Xiaomi's profit per handset was only $2, ranking behind vivo, oppo, Huawei, Samsung and apple. Among them, the number one apple earns 151 dollars per mobile phone.

　　早年間，在開疆拓土階段，小米通過性價比獲得了大量用戶，這是小米的優勢。但小米也不得不思考，為什麼蘋果、華為、OPPO、VIVO這些其他的手機廠商利潤率比小米更高，甚至價格比小米更高卻可以擁有比小米更多的市場份額和收入呢？
In the early years, Xiaomi gained a large number of users through cost performance in the stage of opening up territory, which is Xiaomi's advantage. But Xiaomi also has to think about why other mobile phone manufacturers, such as apple, Huawei, oppo, vivo, have higher profit margins than Xiaomi, or even higher prices than Xiaomi, but can have more market share and revenue than Xiaomi?

　　當然，低價低利潤固然是一種很好的營銷手段，但一件商品真正吸引消費者的並不只是價格。小米當初放出豪言硬件利潤不超過5%，如果未來小米的非硬件收入一直還是做不起來，那這就很難支撐起小米這麼龐大的生態，整個公司的負債率就會不斷提升。
Of course, low price and low profit is a good marketing method, but it's not only the price that attracts consumers. Xiaomi initially said that the hardware profit is no more than 5%. If Xiaomi's non hardware income can't be made in the future, it's hard to support Xiaomi's huge ecology, and the debt ratio of the whole company will continue to rise.

　　這點從小米的財報中也顯而易見。
This is also obvious in Xiaomi's financial report.

　　從小米公布的2019年三季度財報來看，小米似乎陷入了一種“中年困境”之中。
Judging from Xiaomi's financial report for the third quarter of 2019, Xiaomi seems to be in a "middle-aged dilemma".

　　公司三駕馬車中，營收發動機手機業務和利潤發動機互聯網業務雙雙熄火，而IoT業務短期還難成大器。
In the company's troika, both the revenue engine mobile phone business and the profit engine Internet business have stalled, while the IOT business is hard to achieve in the short term.

　　從具體數據上來看，小米手機收入該季度共計323億元，同比下跌近8%，這也是手機業務自小米上市以來首次出現業務萎縮情況。
In terms of specific data, Xiaomi's mobile phone revenue totaled 32.3 billion yuan in the quarter, down nearly 8% year-on-year, which was the first time that the mobile phone business shrank since Xiaomi went public.

　　手機出貨量本季度為3210萬部，低於IDC此前發布的3270萬部，同比在去年低基數的基礎上再次出現負增長，同比下滑4%。
Mobile phone shipments in this quarter were 32.1 million, lower than the 32.7 million previously released by IDC. On the basis of last year's low base, mobile phone shipments again showed negative growth, down 4% year on year.

　　此外，根據此前IDC發布的小米出貨量趨勢，三季度小米國內出貨量大幅下滑31%，市佔率從去年同期的13.6%明顯跌至本季度的9.1%，手機業務當前基本全靠國際業務撐着。
In addition, according to the previous trend of millet shipments released by IDC, the domestic millet shipments in the third quarter dropped by 31%, and the market share dropped from 13.6% in the same period last year to 9.1% in this quarter. Currently, the mobile phone business is basically supported by international business.

　　手機業務整體上，無論是從出貨量、售價上，都處於內外交困的狀態，形勢非常嚴峻。
As a whole, the mobile phone business is in a state of internal and external difficulties, both in terms of shipment volume and price, and the situation is very serious.

　　至於互聯網業務，在調結構中除了收入的放緩，還有一個很大的問題是毛利率的下行：三季度互聯網毛利率僅有62.9%，較去年同期的68.4%下滑不少。
As for the Internet business, in addition to the slowdown in revenue, there is also a big problem in the restructuring: the gross profit rate of the Internet in the third quarter was only 62.9%, down a lot from 68.4% in the same period last year.

　　▲圖源見智研究所
▲ tuyuan Jianzhi Research Institute

　　總體來說，不容樂觀，這點從小米發布2019年三季度財報后跌了將近10%的股價也可見一斑。
On the whole, it is not optimistic, as can be seen from the fact that Xiaomi's share price dropped nearly 10% after the third quarter of 2019.

　　在2019年的小米年會上，雷軍坦言，小米即將面臨最嚴峻的挑戰，“沒有一絲一毫盲目樂觀的餘地”。
At Xiaomi's annual meeting in 2019, Lei Jun confessed that Xiaomi is about to face the most severe challenge, "there is no room for blind optimism.".

　　如今來看，確實如此。
Now it does.

　　3
Three

　　模式弊端，缺乏核心競爭力
Model defects, lack of core competitiveness

　　小米究竟是一家怎樣的公司？
What kind of company is Xiaomi?

　　從主要營收上看，這是一家比同行利潤低太多的手機公司；從概念來看，小米是一家互聯網公司。
In terms of main revenue, this is a mobile phone company with much lower profits than its peers; in terms of concept, Xiaomi is an Internet company.

　　但縱觀國內外的手機公司和互聯網公司，我們卻很難找到一家模式和小米一模一樣的公司。
But looking at mobile phone companies as like as two peas in the world, we find it difficult to find a company that is exactly the same as millet.

　　除此之外，小米還投資孵化了210多家生態鏈企業，試圖構造一個龐大的生態鏈帝國。
In addition, Xiaomi has invested and incubated more than 210 ecological chain enterprises, trying to build a huge ecological chain empire.

▲圖源艾媒諮詢

　　這樣的小米，看似面面俱到，實則隱憂遍布。
This kind of millet seems to be all-around, but in fact, it is full of hidden worries.

　　目前來看，手機業務依然是小米營收的主要來源，從過往數據來看，手機業務的營收佔比都超過50%。
At present, the mobile phone business is still the main source of Xiaomi's revenue. According to the past data, the revenue of mobile phone business accounts for more than 50%.

　　事實上，在手機之外，小米公司本身還在遊戲、金融、電商等多個領域涉及。但遺憾的是，不管是金融還是遊戲，小米自創立伊始就大力拓展的這兩項業務，雖然已經可以給小米帶來不小的收入，但在對應的細分行業中卻始終無法佔據絕對的市場優勢。
In fact, in addition to mobile phones, Xiaomi company itself is also involved in games, finance, e-commerce and other fields. However, it's a pity that, no matter in finance or in games, these two businesses that Xiaomi has been vigorously expanding since its inception, although they can bring a lot of income to Xiaomi, they still can't occupy an absolute market advantage in the corresponding industry segments.

　　遊戲、金融、電商，小米要在這些領域建立優勢已經基本不可能，如果小米一直保持高速的分散投資速度，卻不集中一些精力和資源在少數的入口級消費硬件市場進入市場第一梯隊，那小米的泡沫是很有可能破碎的。
Games, finance, electricity providers, millet to build advantages in these areas is basically impossible. If millet has been maintaining a high speed of diversification, but it does not concentrate some energy and resources in a few entrance level consumer hardware market to enter the first tier market, then the bubble of millet is likely to be broken.

　　即使在自己的主陣地——手機業務上，小米也沒能構築自己的核心競爭力。
Even in his main position - mobile phone business, Xiaomi has not been able to build its own core competitiveness.

　　小米此前公布的招股書數據顯示：小米在2015年、2016年、2017年的研發費用分別為15.12億元、21.04億元、31.51億元，研發投入佔總營收比例分別為2.26%、3.07%、2.75%。如果將研發投入佔總營收比例這份數據指標與BAT、谷歌亞馬遜微軟相比，小米的研發投入實在是太少。
According to the data of Xiaomi's previous prospectus, the R & D expenses of Xiaomi in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were RMB 1.512 billion, RMB 2.104 billion and RMB 3.151 billion respectively, and the R & D investment accounted for 2.26%, 3.07% and 2.75% of the total revenue respectively. If the ratio of R & D investment to total revenue is compared with bat and Google Amazon Microsoft, Xiaomi's R & D investment is too small.

　　縱觀全球，加強知識產權的保護是大勢所趨。小米只有在專利版權和核心技術方面建立自己的競爭壁壘，才有可能在未來的智能硬件戰場中不被技術研發拉後腿。
Throughout the world, strengthening the protection of intellectual property is the general trend. Only when Xiaomi establishes its own competition barriers in terms of patent rights and core technologies, can it not be lagged behind by technology research and development in the future intelligent hardware battlefield.

　　這也難怪網友一直調侃：小米手機的發布會，就是供應鏈技術的展銷會，以及友商的懟戰會。
It's no wonder that netizens have been joking: the launch of Xiaomi mobile phone is the exhibition of supply chain technology, as well as the battle between friends and businessmen.

　　再複製一個“小米手機”很難，如果基本盤再守不住，還能走多遠呢？
It's hard to copy another "Xiaomi mobile phone". If the basic disk can't be kept, how far can it go?

　　4
Four

　　極致節省下的人才困境
The dilemma of talents under extreme economy

　　隱憂遍布，到處都得花錢補窟窿。錢從哪來？無非是開源和節流。從目前小米的業務結構來看，短時間內“開源”有限，只能在“節流”上多下功夫了。
Worries abound, and money has to be spent to mend holes everywhere. Where does the money come from? It's nothing more than open source and throttling. From the current business structure of Xiaomi, the "open source" is limited in a short period of time, so we can only work hard on "saving".

　　此前有一位小米內部員工就說道，“在互聯網環境中，一定程度的燒錢是不可避免的。”“小米在硬件思維的影響下，會對所有的業務計算成本、摳利潤，甚至1-2萬元的預算都會卡得很嚴。”
"In the Internet environment, it's inevitable to burn money to some extent," said one Xiaomi employee "Under the influence of hardware thinking, Xiaomi will calculate cost and profit for all businesses, and even the budget of 10000-20000 yuan will be very strict."

　　在小米公司內部，流行着這樣一個原則：
Within Xiaomi, there is a popular principle:

　　用最少的成本去取得比較高的結果。
Use the least cost to achieve higher results.

　　或許是因為硬件思維，或許是因為“節省是刻在雷軍骨子裡的概念”，諸多小米員工都曾對媒體表達了一致的觀點——極度節省是小米的公司文化。
Maybe it's because of hardware thinking, maybe it's because "saving is the concept engraved in Lei Jun's bones". Many Xiaomi employees have expressed the same view to the media - extreme saving is Xiaomi's corporate culture.

　　小米高舉“性價比”大旗的背後，是貫穿於項目、研發、乃至人才各個層面的預算緊張。
Behind Xiaomi's "cost performance" banner, there is a tight budget throughout the project, research and development, and even all levels of talent.

　　多位小米員工表示，小米的薪水不僅低於互聯網大廠，甚至也低於OPPO、VIVO等手機廠商，大約為後兩者的50%到80%。
A number of Xiaomi employees said that Xiaomi's salary was not only lower than that of the big Internet companies, but also lower than that of mobile phone manufacturers such as oppo and vivo, about 50% to 80% of the latter two.

　　在去年9月的組織架構調整后，MIUI部門有部分員工離職，一些人跳槽到今日頭條、美團、OPPO等企業，“薪水至少漲了50%”。有兩位小米員工進一步強調，“幾乎以前認識的‘技術大牛’都走了。”
After the organizational structure adjustment in September last year, some employees of MIUI department left their jobs, and some of them moved to today's headlines, meituan, oppo and other enterprises, "the salary has increased by at least 50%". Two millet employees further stressed that "almost all the" technical bulls "they knew before have gone."

　　小米似乎真的步入了“中年危機”：公司發展到第10年，早期員工已經進入倦怠狀態，需要新人來激活鬥志。而缺乏競爭力的薪酬難以吸引到理想的人才。
Xiaomi seems to have really stepped into the "middle age crisis": by the 10th year of the company's development, the early employees have entered a state of burnout, requiring new people to activate their morale. And the lack of competitive compensation is difficult to attract the ideal talents.

　　甚至有小米員工表示，小米的每一個“性價比”，都來自於對員工的“剝削”。
Even Xiaomi employees say that every "cost performance" of Xiaomi comes from the "Exploitation" of employees.

　　這樣看來，裁員也可以理解為是小米在為“性價比”做出的讓步，畢竟這也是節約成本的一個好辦法嘛。
In this way, layoffs can also be understood as millet's concession for "cost performance", after all, this is a good way to save costs.

　　雷軍曾說，小米永遠不會放棄性價比。
Lei Jun once said that Xiaomi would never give up on cost performance.

　　小米9發布的時候，雷軍又說，“小米旗艦機，一定要去掉性價比的束縛。小米9的製造和研發成本，絕對不便宜，期待我們賣到特別便宜的價錢，完全做不到。小米9比小米8貴不少，特別希望大家的理解。”
When Xiaomi 9 was released, Lei Jun said, "Xiaomi flagship aircraft, we must get rid of the shackles of cost performance.". The manufacturing and R & D cost of Xiaomi 9 is absolutely not cheap. We are looking forward to selling it at a very cheap price, which we can't do at all. Xiaomi 9 is much more expensive than Xiaomi 8. I hope you can understand it. "

　　再看小米10，恐怕雷總對性價比有什麼誤解？
Looking at Xiaomi 10, I'm afraid that Lei always misunderstood the cost performance?

　　雷軍也曾說，“我覺得小米不會裁員”。
Lei Jun once said, "I don't think Xiaomi will lay off workers.".

　　一轉頭，裁員的鐮刀揮得比誰都快。
In a turn, the scythe of layoffs swung faster than anyone else.

　　到底，是雷總變得太快，還是我們領悟得太慢？
After all, is Lei always getting too fast, or are we getting too slow?

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本文由主机参考刊发，转载请注明：小米再陷暴力裁員？雷軍這次有點懸！ - Xiaomi falls back into violent layoffs? Lei Jun is a little suspended this time! https://zhujicankao.com/5269.html