为免欧洲网络拥堵 美科技五巨头纷纷下调视频流质量

北京时间3月23日早间消息，据路透社，Facebook宣布将在欧洲范围内对其平台和Instagram上的视频流质量进行下调，此举是这家美国科技巨头对欧盟呼吁的积极响应。不久之前，由于新型冠状病毒在欧洲迅速爆发，许多人被迫在家里工作，欧盟呼吁科技公司采取相应措施，以避免用户激增造成的网络拥堵。

In the morning of March 23, Beijing time, according to Reuters, Facebook announced that it would reduce the quality of video streaming on its platform and instagram in Europe, which was a positive response of the US technology giant to the call of the EU. Not long ago, novel coronavirus broke out in Europe and many people were forced to work at home. The European Union called on technology companies to take corresponding measures to avoid congestion caused by the surge of users.

本周早些时候，Netflix、Alphabet旗下的YouTube、迪士尼、亚马逊和苹果相继表示，它们将下调自家平台上的视频质量，以减轻宽带网络的压力。

Earlier this week, Netflix, YouTube under alphabet, Disney, Amazon and apple said they would cut video quality on their platforms to ease the pressure on broadband networks.

欧盟产业主管蒂埃里·布雷顿（Thierry Breton）呼吁流媒体平台释放带宽，为那些因学校暂时停学而被送回家的数千名儿童提供远程教育和医疗。

Thierry Breton, the EU's head of industry, has called for streaming platforms to free up bandwidth and provide distance education and medical care to thousands of children sent home because of school suspensions.

尽管欧洲电信运营商表示，到目前为止，他们的网络能够应对数据流量的上升。但随着越来越多的人因新型冠状病毒大流行而在家工作，人们担心网络会出现拥堵。

Although European telecom operators say their networks have so far been able to cope with rising data traffic. But as more novel coronavirus pandemic is working at home, people are worried that the Internet will be congested.

Facebook公司一名发言人在一份声明中表示：“为了帮助缓解任何可能出现的网络拥堵，我们将暂时降低欧洲Facebook和Instagram平台上视频的比特率速度。”

"In order to help ease any possible network congestion, we will temporarily reduce the bit rate of video on Facebook and instagram platforms in Europe," a Facebook spokesman said in a statement

一位知情人士表示，只要欧洲人对于互联网可能出现拥堵的担心一天不消失，这一举措就将持续下去。

A person familiar with the matter said the move would continue as long as European concerns about possible congestion on the Internet did not disappear for a day.

Netflix和YouTube都表示，他们将在30天内降低画质。而迪士尼则表示，该公司于下周推出Disney+服务会在整个欧洲范围内降低至少25%的整体带宽利用率（较之前对比）。

Both Netflix and Youtube said they would reduce the quality of their pictures within 30 days. Disney, on the other hand, said the company's launch next week of its Disney + service would reduce overall bandwidth utilization by at least 25% across Europe (compared with the previous).

亚马逊则表示，该公司目前正在降低欧洲范围内的比特率速度，但对于美国和其他国家和地区则继续保持网络情况监测。如果出现了任何宽带问题，亚马逊也会在其他地区采取行动。亚马逊Prime在全球200多个国家提供服务，拥有超过1.5亿用户。亚马逊的发言人表示：“我们已经开始努力降低流媒体比特率，同时努力为我们的用户保持高质量的流媒体体验。”

Amazon said it is currently reducing bit rate speeds across Europe, but continues to monitor network conditions in the United States and other countries and regions. If there are any broadband problems, Amazon will also take action in other regions. Amazon Prime provides services in more than 200 countries around the world, with more than 150 million users. A spokesman for Amazon said: "we have started to work to reduce the bitrate of streaming media, while trying to maintain a high quality streaming media experience for our users."

苹果也降低了Apple TV Plus在欧洲的流媒体质量，这一举措最早被9to5Mac报道。去年11月3日发布时，苹果的流媒体服务因其超高的比特率而受到称赞，但现如今，9to5Mac发现该平台上的视频质量下降的非常明显。

Apple also reduced the streaming quality of Apple TV Plus in Europe, an initiative first reported by 9to5mac. When it was released on November 3 last year, Apple's streaming service was praised for its ultra-high bit rate, but now, 9to5mac finds that the video quality on the platform has declined significantly.

一般来说，在固定和移动网络中，流媒体视频可以占据到三分之二的流量。目前，为了遏制新型冠状病毒的传播，越来越多的人被要求呆在家里，因此产生的网络影响将持续受到关注。尼尔森（Nielsen）认为，在某些情况下，“留在家里”可能会导致我们观看的内容数量增加近60％”，与此同时，越来越多的需求会成为造成网络拥堵的原因。

Generally speaking, in fixed and mobile networks, streaming video can account for two-thirds of the traffic. At present, novel coronavirus is being transmitted, and more and more people are required to stay at home, so the network impact will continue to be concerned. Nielsen believes that in some cases, "staying at home" may lead to an increase of nearly 60% in the number of content we watch. "At the same time, more and more demand will be the cause of network congestion.

这意味着Netflix和Prime Video等流媒体服务、YouTube和Twitch等其他视频平台以及在线游戏都将影响宽带速度，这对那些在家工作的人和使用视频会议工具（如Zoom）参加在线课程的学生带来了很大的网络压力。

This means that streaming services such as Netflix and prime video, other video platforms such as youtube and twitch, and online games will affect broadband speed, which puts a lot of network pressure on those who work at home and students who take online courses using video conferencing tools such as zoom.

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