Windows多线程开发之并发线程程序研究

做为一名分布式服务器开发人员，在服务器开发领域、多线程开发和并发编程方面有自己的心得和经验，愿意分享给同仁，今讨论下Windows下线程并发程序开发。

下面用用两个线程实现一个简单的数组排序，演示了线程的基本用法。

原理是：

为了节省执行时间而添加并行，把问题划分为几个小问题，并分配给几个线程（分而治之），把问题划分成若干更小的单元，更容易在实现中创建并行逻辑。同时，在并行中使用系统资源能优化应用程序并提高其运行速度。

#include "stdafx.h" #include <iostreamgt;#include <Windows.hgt;#include <Winternl.hgt;#include <tchar.hgt;#include <winbase.hgt;using namespace std;#define THREADS_NUMBER 2#define ELEMENTS_NUMBER 200#define BLOCK_SIZE ELEMENTS_NUMBER / THREADS_NUMBER #define MAX_VALUE 1000typedef struct _tagARRAYOBJECT {int* iArray;int iSize;int iThreadID; } ARRAYOBJECT, *PARRAYOBJECT;DWORD WINAPI ThreadStart( LPVOID lpParameter);void PrintArray( int* iArray, int iSize);void MergeArrays(int* leftArray, int leftArrayLenght, int* rightArray, int rightArrayLenght, int* mergedArray);int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]){int iArray1[BLOCK_SIZE];int iArray2[BLOCK_SIZE];int iArray[ELEMENTS_NUMBER];for (int iIndex = 0; iIndex < BLOCK_SIZE; iIndex++){iArray1[iIndex] = rand() % MAX_VALUE;iArray2[iIndex] = rand() % MAX_VALUE;}HANDLE hThreads[THREADS_NUMBER];ARRAYOBJECT pObject1 = { (iArray1[0]), BLOCK_SIZE, 0 };hThreads[0] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadStart,(LPVOID) pObject1, 0, NULL); ARRAYOBJECT pObject2 = { (iArray2[0]), BLOCK_SIZE, 1 };hThreads[1] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadStart, (LPVOID) pObject2, 0, NULL);cout<<"Waiting execution..." << endl;WaitForMultipleObjects(THREADS_NUMBER, hThreads, TRUE, INFINITE); MergeArrays(iArray1[0], BLOCK_SIZE, iArray2[0], BLOCK_SIZE, iArray[0]);PrintArray(iArray, ELEMENTS_NUMBER);CloseHandle(hThreads[0]);CloseHandle(hThreads[1]);cout<< "Array sorted..." << endl;getchar();return 0;} DWORD WINAPI ThreadStart(LPVOID lpParameter){PARRAYOBJECT pObject = (PARRAYOBJECT)lpParameter;int iTmp = 0;for (int iIndex = 0; iIndex < pObject-gt;iSize; iIndex++){for (int iEndIndex = pObject-gt;iSize - 1; iEndIndex gt; iIndex; iEndIndex--) {if (pObject-gt;iArray[iEndIndex] < pObject-gt;iArray[iIndex]){iTmp = pObject-gt;iArray[iEndIndex];pObject-gt;iArray[iEndIndex] = pObject-gt;iArray[iIndex];pObject-gt;iArray[iIndex] = iTmp;}}}return 0;} void PrintArray(int* iArray, int iSize) {for (int iIndex = 0; iIndex < iSize; iIndex++) {cout << " " << iArray[iIndex];}cout << endl; }void MergeArrays(int* leftArray, int leftArrayLenght, int*  rightArray, int rightArrayLenght, int* mergedArray){int i = 0;int j = 0;int k = 0;while (i < leftArrayLenght  j < rightArrayLenght){if (leftArray[i] < rightArray[j]){mergedArray[k] = leftArray[i];i++;}else{mergedArray[k] = rightArray[j];j++;}k++;}if (i gt;= leftArrayLenght){while (j < rightArrayLenght){mergedArray[k] = rightArray[j];j++;k++;}}if (j gt;= rightArrayLenght){while (i < leftArrayLenght){mergedArray[k] = leftArray[i];i++;k++;}}}

运行结果：

中间在编译运行的时候会遇到一些细节问题，特此说明：

出现错误：

 错误C1189#error:  "No Target Architecture"

设置如下即可：在_X86_

分布式开发，服务器开发，多线程开发，并发程序设计，任重而道远。

As a distributed server developer, I have my own experience in the field of server development, multithreading development and concurrent programming, and would like to share it with my colleagues. Now I will discuss the development of thread concurrent programming under windows.

The following uses two threads to implement a simple array sorting, demonstrating the basic use of threads.

The principle is:

In order to save execution time and add parallelism, the problem is divided into several small problems and allocated to several threads (divide and rule), and the problem is divided into several smaller units, which makes it easier to create parallel logic in the implementation. At the same time, using system resources in parallel can optimize the application and improve its running speed.

#include "stdafx.h" #include <iostreamgt;#include <Windows.hgt;#include <Winternl.hgt;#include <tchar.hgt;#include <winbase.hgt;using namespace std; #define THREADS_NUMBER 2#define ELEMENTS_NUMBER 200#define BLOCK_SIZE ELEMENTS_NUMBER / THREADS_NUMBER #define MAX_VALUE 1000typedef struct _tagARRAYOBJECT {int* iArray;int iSize;int iThreadID; } ARRAYOBJECT, *PARRAYOBJECT;DWORD WINAPI ThreadStart( LPVOID lpParameter);void PrintArray( int* iArray, int iSize); void MergeArrays(int* leftArray, int leftArrayLenght, int* rightArray, int rightArrayLenght, int* mergedArray);int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]){int iArray1[BLOCK_SIZE];int iArray2[BLOCK_SIZE];int iArray[ELEMENTS_NUMBER];for (int iIndex = 0; iIndex < BLOCK_SIZE; iIndex++){iArray1[iIndex] = rand() % MAX_VALUE; iArray2[iIndex] = rand() % MAX_VALUE;}HANDLE hThreads[THREADS_NUMBER];ARRAYOBJECT pObject1 = { (iArray1[0]), BLOCK_SIZE, 0 };hThreads[0] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadStart,(LPVOID) pObject1, 0, NULL); ARRAYOBJECT pObject2 = { (iArray2[0]), BLOCK_SIZE, 1 }; hThreads[1] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadStart, (LPVOID) pObject2, 0, NULL);cout<<"Waiting execution..." << endl;WaitForMultipleObjects(THREADS_NUMBER, hThreads, TRUE, INFINITE); MergeArrays(iArray1[0], BLOCK_SIZE, iArray2[0], BLOCK_SIZE, iArray[0]);PrintArray(iArray,  ELEMENTS_NUMBER);CloseHandle(hThreads[0]);CloseHandle(hThreads[1]);cout<< "Array sorted..." << endl;getchar();return 0;} DWORD WINAPI ThreadStart(LPVOID lpParameter){PARRAYOBJECT pObject = (PARRAYOBJECT)lpParameter;int iTmp = 0;for (int iIndex = 0; iIndex < pObject-gt;iSize;  iIndex++){for (int iEndIndex = pObject-gt;iSize - 1; iEndIndex gt; iIndex; iEndIndex--) {if (pObject-gt;iArray[iEndIndex] < pObject-gt;iArray[iIndex]){iTmp = pObject-gt;iArray[iEndIndex];pObject-gt;iArray[iEndIndex] = pObject-gt;iArray[iIndex];pObject-gt;iArray[iIndex] = iTmp;}}}return 0; } void PrintArray(int* iArray, int iSize) {for (int iIndex = 0; iIndex < iSize; iIndex++) {cout << " " << iArray[iIndex];}cout << endl; }void MergeArrays(int* leftArray, int leftArrayLenght, int*  rightArray, int rightArrayLenght, int* mergedArray){int i = 0;int j = 0;int k = 0; while (i < leftArrayLenght  j < rightArrayLenght){if (leftArray[i] < rightArray[j]){mergedArray[k] = leftArray[i];i++;}else{mergedArray[k] = rightArray[j];j++;}k++;}if (i gt;= leftArrayLenght){while (j < rightArrayLenght){mergedArray[k] = rightArray[j];j++;k++;}}if (j gt; = rightArrayLenght){while (i < leftArrayLenght){mergedArray[k] = leftArray[i];i++;k++;}}}

Operation result:

In the process of compiling and running, we will encounter some details, which are as follows:

An error occurred:

Error C1189 error: "no target architecture"

The settings are as follows: in ﹐ x86_

Distributed development, server development, multithreading development and concurrent programming have a long way to go.

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