提高数据中心能效必须与业务目标挂钩

数据中心机房的建设与评估有相关的标准可以遵循，比如国家标准或是业内大多数人认可的UPTIME认证标准等，但是关于绿色机房的认证和分级却没有一个公认的标准。现在，业内比较认同的一个指标就是PUE。PUE值越低，机房的能效越好。不过绿色网格（TheGreenGrid，简称TGG）组织副总裁RogerTipley表示，PUE值并非越低越好，通常情况下PUE值保持在1.2~1.5之间是比较理想的。没有度量就没有发言权绿色数据中心的发展牵动了从政府到厂商、企业用户的方方面面。为了促进我国数据中心，特别是大型数据中心的合理布局和健康发展，2013年1月，工业和信息化部等五大部委联合发布了《关于数据中心建设布局的一些指导的意见》，明确了数据中心规模的划分以及新建数据中心的PUE应在1.5以下。此外，工业和信息化部电信研究院作为主要起草单位，还陆续发布了包括《互联网数据中心技术及分级分类标准》在内的4个标准，有力地促进了我们绿色数据中心的规范发展。以成为数据中心资源效率和企业计算生态系统方面全球权威为目标的TGG多年来在绿色数据中心的相关标准制定和评估工具提供方面下了很多功夫。在首届“绿色网格高峰论坛·中国”会议上，RogerTipley表示：“TGG的成员通过协同合作制定了一系列标准，旨在帮助全球的企业用户提高数据中心的资源效率。我们已经制定的标准主要包括电源使用效率、碳使用效率（CUE）和水使用效率（WUE）等，此外还有更多标准尚在制定过程中。”TGG中国委员会主席何宝宏博士介绍说：“没有度量就没有发言权。企业在做任何商业决策前，都必须通过衡量和评估获得准确的数据作为依据。我们主要提供数据中心成熟度模型、PUE估算器、电源配置效率估算器以及PUE报告表等工具，帮助IT设计人员、管理人员和操作人员更好地衡量和评估数据中心的能源效率。”榜样的力量2011年，由工业和信息化部电信研究院、中国电信、中国移动、中国联通等17家单位联合发起成立“云计算发展与政策论坛”。该论坛组建了评审组，在2012年至2013年间对中国电信、中国移动、中国联通、百度、腾讯、阿里巴巴等6家主动提出申请的数据中心开展了现场评测。评测结果显示，参与评测的百度M1数据中心的PUE值最优，它连同参与评测的腾讯天津数据中心、中国电信永丰国际数据中心、阿里巴巴杭州东冠数据中心都被评为4A级数据中心。比如，腾讯天津数据中心303单元大规模应用冷热通道隔离、水侧自然冷却，自然风冷却、变频技术、分时式制冷等多项节能技术，年PUE达到1.42。何宝宏建议，企业在建设数据中心时应注意以下两方面问题：第一，数据中心的规划与建设应与企业的业务目标相联系；第二，企业应在提升数据中心资源效率方面持续创新。企业应该关注数据中心全生命周期的成本，并将数据中心的能效与企业的业务利润、经营风险、社会责任等联系起来。以eBay为例，它将每一次网上拍卖的成本和收益都与水、电以及相关能源的消耗和二氧化碳的排放量综合起来评估，为业务的优化提供依据。TGG的数据中心成熟度模型给用户提供了一个工具，让企业的经营者可以确定数据中心的成熟度并明确数据中心和IT策略应如何持续改进和创新，实现更高的能源效率，同时促进企业业务的发展。RogerTipley表示：“我们的目标是制定一个绿色数据中心市场的新游戏规则，促进高效数据中心的使用，降低数据中心的整体拥有成本。未来，我们还将在加权PUE值的计算公式、新建数据中心的评估标准方面提出建议。”

There are relevant standards for the construction and evaluation of data center computer rooms, such as national standards or uptime certification standards recognized by most people in the industry, but there is no recognized standard for the certification and classification of green computer rooms. Now, pue is one of the indicators recognized by the industry. The lower the pue value, the better the energy efficiency of the machine room. However, Roger tipley, vice president of the green grid, said that the lower the pue value, the better. Generally, it is ideal to keep the pue value between 1.2 and 1.5. Without measurement, the development of green data center without voice affects all aspects from government to manufacturers and enterprise users. In order to promote the rational layout and healthy development of China's data centers, especially large data centers, in January 2013, the Ministry of industry and information technology and other five major ministries jointly issued some guidance on the layout of data center construction, which made it clear that the scale of data center and pue of new data center should be less than 1.5. In addition, as the main drafting unit, the Telecommunications Research Institute of the Ministry of industry and information technology has successively released four standards, including "Internet data center technology and classification standards", which has effectively promoted the standardized development of our green data center. TGG, which aims to become a global authority in data center resource efficiency and enterprise computing ecosystem, has spent many years in the development of green data center related standards and the provision of evaluation tools. At the first "green grid Summit Forum China" meeting, Roger tippey said: "TGG members have developed a series of standards through collaborative cooperation, aiming to help enterprise users around the world improve the resource efficiency of data centers. The standards we have developed mainly include power efficiency, carbon efficiency (cue) and water efficiency (WUE). In addition, more standards are still in the process of development. " Dr He Baohong, chairman of the TGG China Committee, said: "without measurement, there is no voice. Before making any business decision, enterprises must obtain accurate data through measurement and evaluation. We mainly provide data center maturity model, pue estimator, power configuration efficiency estimator, pue report form and other tools to help it designers, managers and operators better measure and evaluate the energy efficiency of the data center. " In 2011, 17 units including the Ministry of industry and information technology, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom jointly launched the "cloud computing development and Policy Forum". The forum set up a review group to conduct on-site evaluation on six data centers that actively applied from China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, Baidu, Tencent and Alibaba from 2012 to 2013. The evaluation results show that the pue value of Baidu M1 data center participating in the evaluation is the best, and it, together with Tencent Tianjin data center, China Telecom Yongfeng international data center and Alibaba Hangzhou Dongguan data center participating in the evaluation, are rated as 4A data center. For exle, Tencent Tianjin data center unit 303 large-scale application of cold and hot channel isolation, water side natural cooling, natural air cooling, frequency conversion technology, time-sharing refrigeration and other energy-saving technologies, pue reached 1.42 per year. He Baohong suggested that enterprises should pay attention to the following two aspects when building data centers: first, the planning and construction of data centers should be linked with the business objectives of enterprises; second, enterprises should continue to innovate in improving the resource efficiency of data centers. Enterprises should pay attention to the cost of the whole life cycle of the data center, and link the energy efficiency of the data center with the business profit, business risk, social responsibility, etc. Taking eBay as an exle, it evaluates the cost and benefit of each online auction together with the consumption of water, electricity and related energy and the emission of carbon dioxide, so as to provide a basis for business optimization. TGG's data center maturity model provides a tool for users to determine the maturity of the data center and make clear how the data center and it strategy should be continuously improved and innovated to achieve higher energy efficiency and promote the development of enterprise business. "Our goal is to develop a new game rule for the green data center market, promote the use of efficient data centers, and reduce the overall cost of ownership of the data center," said RogerTipley. In the future, we will also make suggestions on the calculation formula of weighted pue value and the evaluation standard of new data center. "

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